Tech vs. Threat: Innovative Solutions to Combat IUU Fishing

The vast expanse of the ocean presents a significant challenge in the fight against illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing. This destructive practice not only depletes fish stocks but also threatens the health of marine ecosystems, disrupts livelihoods, and undermines food security. This shadowy industry is estimated to account for up to 20% of the global catch, inflicting billions of dollars in losses and threatening the delicate balance of marine ecosystems. However, a new wave of technological advancements is offering powerful tools to combat this global threat.

IUU fishing is estimated to account for up to 26 million metric tons of fish caught annually, representing a value of $23 billion. This illegal activity undermines efforts towards sustainable fishing and poses a significant threat to the health of our oceans. Traditional methods of monitoring these vast areas with patrol boats are expensive and limited in scope.

Fortunately, the tide is turning, thanks to a suite of innovative technologies. Here's how technology is empowering the fight against IUU fishing:

Earth observation satellites provide a powerful tool for tracking fishing vessels across the vast oceans. Advanced analytics can identify unusual patterns, such as vessels turning off their transponders (Automatic Identification System or AIS), a common tactic of illegal fishing operations. This data helps authorities pinpoint suspicious activity and direct patrol boats for interdictions.

Many fishing vessels are now equipped with VMS that transmit their position and other data like speed and heading to authorities. This allows for real-time monitoring and helps identify vessels operating in restricted areas or engaging in unauthorised fishing activities.

These onboard camera systems, with tamper-proof features, provide a visual record of fishing activities. AI-powered analysis of video footage can detect illegal practises like discarding undersized fish or using banned fishing gear. This not only strengthens enforcement but also deters illegal behaviour.

DNA fingerprinting is a powerful tool for identifying the origin of fish. This can help authorities determine if fish caught by a suspected IUU vessel came from protected areas or involved endangered species. DNA analysis also supports traceability efforts within the legal fishing industry, allowing consumers to be confident about the origin of their seafood.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being used to supplement traditional patrol methods. Drones offer a cost-effective way to cover large areas and gather high-resolution imagery and video evidence of illegal fishing activities.

These innovative solutions are already making a difference. Here are some examples:

• Maritime Surveillance in West Africa: This joint initiative between Benin and Global Fishing Watch utilises satellite monitoring and VMS data to track fishing activity within the waters of the West African State. 

• Eyes on the Seas: This global platform developed by The Pew Charitable Trusts uses satellite monitoring and imagery data to identify potential IUU fishing activity. By sharing this information with governments and NGOs, Eyes on the Seas has facilitated numerous successful interdictions around the world. 

• Traceability with DNA: The fight against illegal fishing extends beyond the vast oceans and reaches our dinner plates. A comprehensive DNA test by the Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF) in South Korea revealed that over a third of seafood samples tested in 2018 were mislabelled.  This "seafood fraud" not only deceives consumers but also creates a gap in traceability that could allow illegally caught fish to enter the legal market.

Despite the progress, some challenges remain. Data sharing and collaboration across national borders are crucial for effective enforcement. Additionally, ensuring widespread adoption of these technologies and building capacity in developing countries for data analysis and enforcement requires international cooperation and investment.

Technology is no silver bullet, but it offers a powerful arsenal in the fight against IUU fishing. By combining innovative tools with robust enforcement mechanisms and international cooperation, we can create a future where our oceans are protected and sustainable fishing practices ensure the health of our planet and food security for generations to come.